Directions: Megadose 1 tsp for 2-4 weeks a day in fresh squeezed grapefruit juice to allow it to build up in system. Maintenance dose after is 1/4-1/2 tsp a day.

Featuring: Acacetin – Acacia Farnesiana (Linn ) Willd • Acanthopanax Senticosus （Eleutheroside(B+E)） – Acanthopanax Senticosus (Rupr Maxim ) Harms • Agastache Rugosa Kentz – Agastache Rugosa (Fisch Et Mey ) O Kuntz • Albizia Lebbeck – Albizia Lebbeck (L ) Benth • Allium Cepa L Peel （Onion） – Allium Cepa L • Aloe Vera – Aloe Vera（Haw ） Berg • Aloin – Aloe Vera Var Chinensis • Amla (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn ) – Emblica Officinalis Gaertn • Andrographolide Sodium Bisulfate (Asb), A Water-Soluble Form Made From Andrographolide – Andrographis Paniculata (Burm F ) Nees • Angelica Sinensis （Polysaccharide） – Angelica Sinensis (Oliv ) Diels • Anthocyanin Extracts From Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato – Dioscorea Esculenta (Lour ) Burkill • Areca Nut Procyanidins – Areca Catechu L • Argan – Argania Spinosa • Argireline – Acetyl Hexapeptide 3 • Aruncus Dioicus Var Kamtschaticus – Aruncus Dioicus Var Kamtschaticus Hara • Asiaticoside – Centella Asiatica Extract • Astaxanthin – Haematococcus Pluvialis • Astragalus Membranaceus Root（Astragaloside Iv） – Astragalus Membranaceus (Fisch ) Bunge • Benincasa Hispida (Thunb ) Cogn – Benincasa Hispida (Thunb ) Cogn • Beta-Carotene – Daucus Carota Var Sativa Hoffm • Betaine – Beta Vulgaris L • Bletilla Striata – Bletilla Striata (Thunb ) Reichb F • Blueberry （Anthocyan)） – Sementrigonellae • Boesenbergia Pandurata – Boesenbergia Pandurata (Roxb ) • Bouea Macrophylla – Bouea Macrophylla Extract • Brassica Juncea L Czern • Breviscapin – Erigeron Breviscapus Extract • Calendula Officinalis L (Family: Asteraceae) – Calendula Officinalis L • Camphor ((1R)‐1,7,7‐Trimethylbicyclo[2 2 1]Heptan‐2‐One) – Camphor • Carcinine – Crustacea • Carnosic Acid – Rosmarinus Officinalis • Carnosine – Β- Alanine L-Histidine • Carthamus Tinctorius L – Carthamus Tinctorius L • Catechin – Camellia Sinensis • Cheongsangbangpung-Tang – Geniposide (1), Coptisine Chloride (2), Prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin (3), Berberine Chloride (4), Liquiritin Apioside (5), Liquiritin (6), Ferulic Acid (7), Narirutin (8), 5-O-Methylvisammisoide (9), Hesperidin (10), Arctigenin (11), Baicalin (12), Oxypeucedanin Hydrate (13), Wogonoside (14), Baicalein (15), Arctiin (16), Glycyrrhizin (17), And Pulegone (18), • Chlorogenic Acid – Green Coffee Bean • Citrus Reticulata Blanco Peel – Citrus Reticulata Blanco Cv Reticulata • Citrus Sinensis – Citrus Sinensis • Citrus Unshiu Peel – Citrus Unshiu • Cocoa Pod – Theobroma Cacao L • Coenzyme Q10 – Solanum Tuberosum Leaves • Coix Seed – Coix Lacryma-Jobi L Var Ma-Yuen) • Collagen Peptides, Prolyl‐Hydroxyproline (Pro‐Hyp) And Hydroxyprolyl‐Glycine (Hyp‐Gly) – Prolyl-Hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) • Colloidal Silicic Acid – Bos Taurus Domesticus Gmelin • Coriander Leaf – Coriandrum Sativum • Corni Fructus – Cornus Officinalis Sieb Et Zucc • Coumestrol – Soybean • Cucumis Sativus L – Cucumis Sativus L • Cudrania Tricuspidata Root – Cudrania Tricuspidata (Carr ) Bur • Curculigoside – Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn • Curcumin – Curcumalonga L • Cyclopia Intermedia – Honeybush Tea • Cynaropicrin From Cynara Scolymus L – Cynara Scolymus L • Daidzein – Glycine Max (Linn ) Merr • Dhea – Dioscorea Nipponica • Dipterocarpus Tuberculatus Roxb – Dipterocarpus Tuberculatus Roxb • Duoligo – Lactulose And Galactooligosaccharides • Egb761 – Ginkgo Biloba Extract • Ellagic Acid – Pomegranate Peel Extract • Emblica Fruits (Phyllanthus Emblica) – Phyllanthus Emblica • Emodin – Rheum Palmatum L • Epicatechin – Camellia Sinensis • Fermented Blackberry (Rubus Fruticosus B – Rubus Fruticosus B • Ferulic Acid – Ferula Sinkiangensisk M Shen • Fingerroot (Boesenbergia Pandurata) – Boesenbergia Pandurata (Roxb ) • Fisetin – Rhus Succedanea L • Fish Collagen Hydrolysates – Fish Skins • Foeniculum Vulgare Mill – Foeniculum Vulgare Mill • French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (Flavangenol®) – French Maritime Pine • Fucoidan – Phaeophyta • Fucoxanthin – Phaeophyta • Galla Chinensis – Rhus Chinensis Mill • Gallic Acid – Rhus Chinensis Mill • Ganoderma Lucidum – Ganoderma Lucidum(Leyss Ex Fr )Karst • Garlic – Allium Sativum L • Gelidium Amansii And Cirsium Japonicum – Gelidium Amansii Lamouroux • Genistein – Euchresta Japonica Hook F Ex Regel • Ginsenoside Derivative 20(S)‐Protopanaxadiol – Panax Ginseng C A Meyer • Ginsenoside Rb1 – Panax Ginseng C A Meyer • Glehnia Littoralis Leaf – Glehnia Littoralis Fr Schmidt Ex Miq • Glucosamine – Natural Chitin • Glutathione – Glutamic Acid, Cystine And Glycine • Glycyrrhizic Acid – Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch • Grapefruit Peel – Citrus Paradisi Macf • Grapeseed – Vitis Vinifera L • Hawthorn Berry – Crataegus Pin Nati Fida Bge • Heated Radish Extract – Raphanus Sativus L • Hesperidin – Citrus Reticulata Blanco • Hibiscus Syriacus L – Hibiscus Syriacus L • Hyaluronic Acid – Bovine Vitreous • Hydrangea Serrata (Thunb ) Ser Leaves – Hydrangea Serrata (Thunb ) Ser Leaves • Hydrolyzed Marine Collagen (Vinh Wellness Collagen, Vwc) – Vinh Wellness Collagen • Hyperoside – Hypericum Monogynum L • Isoquercitrin – Scphora Japonica L • Isotretinoin – C15 Alkyl Phosphonate (Compound Iv) And 5-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2-Furanone (Compound Iii) • Item – Plant Souce • Kaempferia Parviflora – Kaempferia Parviflora Wall Ex Baker • Korean Red Ginseng, Torilis Fructus And Corni Fructus – Korean Red Ginseng • Ktng0345 Prepared From Red Ginseng Extracts – Red Ginseng Extract • L-Ascorbic Acid – Cerasus Pseudocerasus (Lindl ) G Don • Lactobacillus Plantarum Hy7714 – Lactobacillus Plantarum • Lavandula Angustifolia Mill – Lavandula Angustifolia Mill • Lingonberry And Amla Fruit – Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea Linn • Luffa Cylindrica (L ) Roem – Luffa Cylindrica (L ) Roem • Lutein And Zeaxanthin Isomers (L/Zi) – Tagetes Erecta L • Lycium Polysaccharides – Lycium Barbaruml • Lycopene – Lycopersicon Esculentum • Magnolol – Magnolia Officinalis • Malus Pumila Cv Fuji – Malus Pumila • Mangiferin – Mangifera Indica L • Mannitol – Laminaria Japonica） • Marigold (Calendula Officinalis ) – Calendula Officinalis • Methylsulfonylmethane (Msm) – Dimethyl Sulfoxide • Myricetin – Myrica Rubra (Lour ) S Et Zucc • N-Acetylglucosamine – Fructose-6-Phosphate And Glutamine • Naringenin – Amacardi-Um Occidentale L • Nelumbo Nucifero – Nelumbo Nucifero Gaertn • Noni (Morinda Citrifolia) Seeds – Morinda Citrifolia • Ocotea Paranapiacabensis – Ocotea Paranapiacabensis Leaves • Oenothera Biennis – Oenothera Biennis • Oligonol – Litchi Chinensis Sonn • Origanum Majorana L – Origanum Majorana L • Oryzanol – Rice Bran • Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) Hydrolysates – Crassostrea Gigas • Paeonia Lactiflora Pall – Paeonia Lactiflora Pall • Peach Flower Extract – Amygdalus Persica L • Pearl Powder – Pernulo • Perillafrutescens – Perilla Frutescens (L ) Britt • Persimmon Leaf (Diospyros Kaki Folium) – Diospyros Kaki L Folium • Phlorizin – Apple Tree • Phloroglucinol – 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic Acid • Phosphatidylserine Derived From Soy Lecithin – Soy Lecithin • Phytoene – Carotenoid • Phytofluene – Lycopersicon Esculentum • Pine Bark Extract Proanthocyanidins – Pinus Massoniana Lamb • Pineapple – Ananas Comosus • Polysaccharide Derived From Blackcurrants (Ribes Nigrum L ) – Ribes Nigrum L • Poria Cocos(Schw )Wolf – Poria Cocos(Schw )Wolf • Porphyra Tenera – Porphyra • Prunus Persica – Amygdalus Communis L • Pterostilbene – Pterocarpus Indicus Willd • Pycnogenol – Maritime Pine Extract • Quercetin – Sophora Japonica L • Raphanus Sativus – Raphanus Sativus L • Raspberry Fruit – Rubus Idaeus L • Resveratrol – Polygonum Cuspidatum • Rhus Javanica – Rhus Javanica L • Rosa Multiflora Thunb Flower – Rosa Multiflora Thunb • Rosa Rugosa Thunb – Rosa Rugosa Thunb • Rose Hip Powder, Containing Seeds And Shells Of Rosa Canina – Rosa Canina • Rose Petal (Rosa Gallica) – Rosa Gallica L • Rosmarinus Officinalis Rosmarinic Acid – Rosmarinus Officinalis • Rubia Cordifolia – Rubia Cordifolia L • Safranal – Saffron Crocus • Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge – Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge • Salvia Plebeia R Br – Herba Salviae Plebeiae • Sargassum Muticum Ethyl Acetate – Sar gassum Muticum • Saxifraga Stolonifera Curt – Saxifraga Stolonifera Curt • Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L ) Fruit Blend – Hippophae Rhamnoides L • Si-Wu-Tang – Angelica Sinensis, Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata • Siegesbeckia Glabrescens – Siegesbeckia Glabrescens Makino • Silymarin – Silybum Marianum (L ) Gaertn • Sodium Hyaluronate – Bovine Vitreous • Soy Isoflavone Aglycone – Soybean • Strawberry – Fragaria × Ananassa Duch • Sulforaphane – Brassica Oleracea L Var Italic Planch • Sulfuretin – • Taraxacum Mongolicum Hand -Mazz – Taraxacum Mongolicum Hand -Mazz • Tectorigenin – Belamcanda Chinensis （L ）Dc • Tremella Fuciformis – Tremella Fuciformis • Tribulus Terrestris L – Tribulus Terrestris L • Tyrosol – Olive Oil • Ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q10) – Sus Scrofu Domestica Brisson • Ulmus Davidiana Var Japonica Ethanolic – Ulmus Davidiana Var Japonica • Ursolic Acid – Prunella Vulgaris L • Verisol – Collagen Peptide • Vigna Angularis – Vigna Angularis (Willd ) Ohwi Et Ohashi） • White Lotus Flower – Nelumbo Sp • Zingiber Mioga – Zingiber Mioga • Ziyuglycoside I – Lactuca Formosana Maxim • Ziziphus Jujuba Mill – Ziziphus Jujuba Mill • Α-Lipoic Acid

ultraviolet (UV ) is one of the major factors harmful to skin health. irradiation with ultraviolet accelerates the decline of skin function, causing the skin to have deep wrinkles, dryness, decreased procollagen production, and degradation of collagen. Novel materials are needed to prevent the aging of the skin by blocking the effects of UV . Safflower seed oil (Charthamus tinctorius L., SSO) contains significantly high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals. SSO has been traditionally used in China, Japan, and Korea to improve skin and hair. Our objective in this study was to determine the effect of SSO and its active compound acacetin on UV B –induced skin photoaging in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). SSO inhibited UV B –induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP -1) at both protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP -1 is known to play important roles in collagen degradation and wrinkle formation. Acacetin, a type of flavonoid , is present in SSO. Similar to SSO, acacetin also inhibited UV B –induced MMP -1 protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP -1 mRNA is primarily regulated by the mitogen –activated kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Acacetin regulated the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and c-jun, but did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, p38 and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate that SSO and its active compound acacetin can prevent UV B –induced MMP -1 expression, which leads to skin photoaging, and may therefore have therapeutic potential as an anti-wrinkle agent to improve skin health.

This study was performed to investigate anti-wrinkle effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on ultraviolet B (UV B )-induced photoaging with wrinkle formation. AS extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (3

μ g / m L

I C_{50}

) and collagenase inhibition (1.52 mg/mL as

I C_{50}

) than those of ascorbic acid (50

μ g / m L

and 2.17 mg/mL, respectively). Cell proliferation and type I pN collagen synthesis were increased by 11.4% and 96.4%, respectively, compared with non treatment control. In vivo, SKH-1 hairless mice were administrated AS 400 mg/kg for 10 weeks with UV B irradiation three times a week. After 10 weeks, a visual assessment and replica assay were performed on each mouse. According to visual assessment of close-up photos and skin replica, oral administration of A. senticosus affected on inhibition of wrinkle formation caused by UV B irradiation on the skin of mice as compared to the vehicle treated control mice. These results indicated that A. senticosus could protect skin wrinkle formation caused by collagen synthesis of fibroblast cells and photo-irradiation of UV B in hairless mice.

This study was to investigate anti-skin wrinkle effect of Agastache rugosa Kentz extracts by extraction processes. In the comparison of the effect of the solvent extraction, the extracts by 70% ethanol (EE) showed better biological activities that those by hot water. Therefore, further fermented Agastache rugosa was applied to 70% ethanol extraction process (FEE). FEE showed higher DPPH scavenging activity of 62.98% than EE’s 62.71% at

1.0 m g / m ℓ

, but there was no significant. Elastase inhibition was measured 23.0% from FEE at

1.0 m g / m ℓ

. Cytotoxicity showed the highest 16.26% from FEE, this value is safe in the cell experiment. collagen production showed

113.1 n g / m ℓ

from FEE, on the other hand EE was measured

77.4 n g / m ℓ

in adding

1.0 m g / m ℓ

. MMP -1 production was observed

1398 p g / m ℓ

from FEE and EE was measured

1632 p g / m ℓ

. These results were found the highest Antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effect. As a result, it was also confirmed that anti-skin wrinkle activities of the Agastache rugosa Kentz extract was correlated with anti-oxidant activities.

The largest part of human body is skin, which is also the outermost organ; it acts as a first line of defense of our body. After a certain period of time there is a gradual loss of skin elasticity and collagen fibres that we called aging . There are various signs of aging and one of them is skin wrinkling . When aging starts a fold or crease formed in the skin which is known as wrinkles or rhytide. wrinkles formation occurs due to weakening or loss of body mass or long time contact with water. collagen and elastin are primary structural components of our skin and it is essential to stop the breakdown of collagen to prevent ageing and wrinkles formation. There are different factors which enhance wrinkling and are sun damage, aging , smoking, lack of hydration , unnatural facial expressions, genetics and various other factors. There are so many herbs available for treatment of wrinkles such as Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), Sirish (Albizia lebbeck), Aloe vera, Cucumber (Curcumis sativum), Haberlea rhodopensis, Ginger (Zingiber officinalis), Panax ginseng, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Honey etc. The present review article is a compilation of herbs used for treatment of skin wrinkles with all the necessary information regarding mechanism of action, availability etc.

In this study, the antibacterial , Antioxidative and inhibitory effects of Allium cepa peel extracts on tyrosinase and elastase were investigated. MIC values of the ethyl acetate fraction of Allium cepa peel on especially, S. aureus among the skin resident flora (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus; Propionibacterium acnes , P. acnes ; Pityrosporum ovale, P. ovale; Escherichia coli, E. coli) were 0.06%. The aglycone fraction showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC50=5.05μg/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC50) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction in the luminol-dependent Fe3+−EDTA/H2O2 system were 0.05 and 0.03μg/mL, respectively. The cellular protective effect of the aglycone fraction on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes exhibited more prominent (τ50, 480 min at 25μg/mL). The inhibitory effects (IC50) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on tyrosinase were 9.16 and 8.68μg/mL, the inhibitory effect (IC50) of the aglycone fraction on elastase was 14.12μg/mL The transepidermal water loss of the cream containing 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction was decreased from 8.3g/m2h in control to 6.8g/m2h in the subjects applied with cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Allium cepa peel can function as Antioxidant in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging 1O2 and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS, and possibly as antiaging agents . Allium cepa peel extract could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

Beauty for men and women universally holds a boundless fascination. aging of skin is usually associated with increased wrinkling , sagging and increased laxity. Matrix metaloproteins (MMP ), collagen, elastin and elastic fibers are all essential for strengthening of muscles, tendons and joints. Degradation of these vital tissues and/or oxidative damage of DNA lead to loosening of the skin and eventually formation of wrinkles. There are numerous synthetic skincare formulations containing active ingredient s such as alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs), hyaluronic acid, cohesive polydensified matrix (CPM), etc., that have adverse reactions; for instance, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, phototoxic and photo-allergic reactions. Plant-derived polyphenolic substances such as alloin, catechin, epicatechin, curcumin, myricetin, quercetin, etc., are beneficial as anti-aging ingredient s. Many herbal polyphenolic substances have found to be effective in reducing the rate and intensity of wrinkle formation. This chapter deals with the process of wrinkle formation and the role of various plant polyphenolic s in preventing and/or delaying these wrinkles.

Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is a rich dietary source of vitamin C, minerals and amino acids, and also contains a wide variety of phenolic compounds. Amla has also been used as a principal constituent of many preparations of Ayurved, the Indian system of traditional medicine. Gelatin hydrolysate, also known as collagen peptide as a functional ingredient , is obtained from animal hide or fish scales. Ingestion of gelatin or collagen peptide affects various functions of the body, including bone, the achilles tendon, and skin. However, there are few data on the effects of amla extract and collagen peptide on photoaging in vivo. In the present study, therefore, we administered amla extract and/or collagen peptide to hairless mice that were repeatedly exposed of UV B irradiation , and examined the resulting effects on photoaging. Amla extract and collagen peptide suppressed the formation of 8-OHdG-positive cells and epidermal hyperplasia, and controlled skin hydration , thus reducing skin wrinkle formation in the mice. collagen peptide, but not amla extract, also enhanced the production of collagen. We demonstrated that amla extract and collagen peptide exerted an additive effect in ameliorating skin dehydration and wrinkle formation, suggesting that they were able to attenuate photoaging effectively in UV B -irradiated hairless mice.

Andrographolide sodium bisulfate (ASB), a water-soluble form made from andrographolide

Andrographolide sodium bisulfate (ASB), a water-soluble form made from andrographolide through sulfonating reaction, is an Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug; however, the antiphotoaging effect of ASB has still not been revealed. oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be responsible for ultraviolet (UV ) irradiation induced skin damage and consequently premature aging . In this study, we aimed at examining the effect of ASB on UV –induced skin photoaging of mice by physiological and histological analysis of skin and examination of skin Antioxidant enzymes and immunity analyses. Results showed that topical administration of ASB suppressed the UV –induced skin thickness, elasticity, wrinkles, and water content, while ASB, especially at dose of 3.6 mg/mouse, increased the skin collagen content by about 53.17%, decreased the epidermal thickness by about 41.38%, and prevented the UV –induced disruption of collagen fibers and elastic fibers. Furthermore, ASB decreased MDA level by about 40.21% and upregulated the activities of SOD and CAT and downregulated the production of IL-1β, IL-6 , IL-10, and TNF-α in UV -irradiated mice. Our study confirmed the protective effect of ASB against UV –induced photoaging and initially indicated that this effect can be attributed to its Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo, suggesting that ASB may be a potential antiphotoaging agent .

The effects that ultraviolet rays elicit on collagen synthesis and degradation are the most common causes of wrinkle formation and photo-aging in skin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of Angelica acutiloba root ethanol extract (AAEE) to promote collagen synthesis and inhibit collagen degradation in human dermal fibroblasts . By examining total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, electron donating ability, radical scavenging activity, and superoxide dismutase-like activity, we found that AAEE exhibited fairly good Antioxidant activity. Treatment with AAEE significantly increased type I procollagen production by cultured fibroblasts , as well as reduced ultraviolet –induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP -1) expression and MMP -2 activity in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, AAEE significantly increased TIMP-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05), although without an associated dose-dependent increase in TIMP-1 protein expression. In summary, we suggest that AAEE may be a potentially effective agent for the prevention or alleviation of skin–wrinkle formation induced by ultraviolet rays.

This study investigated the effect of anthocyanin extracts from purple-fleshed sweet potato (PSP-AE) on ultraviolet B (UV B )-induced skin photoaging in BALB/c-nu mice. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis showed six compounds were identified from PSP-AE. Administration of PSP-AE ameliorated the UV B -irradiated macroscopic and histopathological lesions of the skin via suppressing epidermal hyperplasia and collagen degradation, while improving the content of skin moisture and hydroxyproline. Additionally, PSP-AE inhibited the UV B –induced oxidative stress and increased the Antioxidant enzyme activities. Results showed PSP-AE inhibited the UV B -irradiated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines , such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed PSP-AE remarkably decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated c-Jun-Nterminal kinase , extracellular signal-regulated kinase , and p38. Likewise, UV B induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of matrix metalloprotein ase 1 were diminished by pretreatment of PSP-AE. Therefore, PSP-AE had the potential to attenuate the UV B -irradiated skin oxidative stress and inflammatory response .

Chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV ) light induces photoaging in human skin. Our previous results have shown that areca nut procyanidins (ANPs) have Antioxidant capacity and possess potential anti-inflammatory effects . Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of ANPs on UV B –induced photoaging. In the present study, dorsal skin of CD-1 mice was exposed to UV B at a minimal erythema dose (130 mJ/cm²) throughout a 3-week period. The effects of ANPs and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic constituent of green tea, on UV B –induced photoaging were compared. The results show that oral administration of ANP prevented UV B –induced photoaging, indicated by epidermal thickness and collagen disorientation, and inhibited UV B –induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloprotein ases (MMPs ), such as MMP -2, MMP -9, and TIMP1. The protective potential of ANP on UV B –induced photodamage was comparable to that of EGCG. These data suggest that ANP could be useful as a dietary supplement to attenuate solar UV B –induced premature skin aging .

In this study, the Antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects of extracts from Aruncus diocius var. kamtschaticus (ADV) were investigated. According to the results, the ethanol extract has better Antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects than the water extract. The amounts of total polyphenol and flavonoid compounds in the ethanol extract were 122 and 36 mg/g, respectively, while those in the water extract were 87 and 26 mg/g. The Antioxidant activities of the ethanol and water extracts were 395 and 4,682

μ g / m L

as the

R C_{50}

values for the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and 227 and 366

μ g / m L

for the

A B T S^{+}

radical scavenging activity, respectively. The reducing power of the ethanol extract (1.58 at 2 mg/mL) was higher than that of the water extract (0.88 at 2 mg/mL). The astringent activities of the ethanol and water extracts were 91.27 and 16.35% at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ADV ethanol extract treatment of the fibroblast cell after UV irradiation resulted in increased cell viability (10% at 100

μ g / m L

) and collagen biosynthesis (33% at 100

μ g / m L

), with a lowering in the MMP -1 expression level (16.8 % at 100

μ g / m L

). These results demonstrate that AVD provides a remarkable and significant tensor and anti-wrinkling effect on the skin, which could be of a great use in anti-aging skin care products.

This chapter begins with the description of the chemical and pharmacological properties of asiaticoside. Asiaticoside, a saponin component that has been isolated from C. asiatica, induces type I collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast cells. C. asiatica contains triterpenoids, essential oils, amino acids, and other compounds, such as vellarin. The terpenoids include asiaticoside, centelloside, madecassoside, brahmoside, brahminoside, thankuniside, and centellose, and asiatic, brahmic, centellic, and madecassic acids. Asiaticoside produces no side effects such as localized erythema or any kind of discomfort. Following this, the antibiotic character of asiaticoside, anti-herpes simplex virus activities of asiaticoside, wound-healing activity of asiaticoside, anxiolytic properties of asiaticoside, and the anti-wrinkle activity of asiaticoside are described. Asiaticoside induced the phosphorylation of both Smad2 and Smad3. In addition, the asiaticoside-induced binding of Smad3 and Smad4 has also been detected. It is also demonstrated that treatment with asiaticoside induces the synthesis of type I collagen , and the mechanisms underlying its action may be mediated via a TGFβ receptor I kinase (TβRI kinase )-independent Smad activation pathway in cultured human dermal fibroblast cells. It is concluded that asiaticoside can induce the synthesis of type I collagen and that the mechanisms underlying its action are mediated via a TβRI kinase -independent Smad activation pathway.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with potent Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of astaxanthin on skin deterioration, we confirmed its role in epidermal-dermal interactions in vitro. Astaxanthin treatment suppressed ultraviolet B (UV B )-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in keratinocytes, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion by fibroblasts cultured in UV B -irradiated keratinocyte medium. To verify these findings, we conducted a 16-week clinical study with 65 healthy female participants. Participants were orally administered either a 6 mg or 12 mg dose of astaxanthin or a placebo. wrinkle parameters and skin moisture content significantly worsened in the placebo group after 16 weeks. However, significant changes did not occur in the astaxanthin groups. Interleukin-1α levels in the stratum corneum significantly increased in the placebo and low-dose groups but not in the high-dose group between weeks 0 and 16. This study was performed in Japan from August to December, when changing environmental factors, such as UV and dryness, exacerbate skin deterioration. In conclusion, our study suggests that long-term prophylactic astaxanthin supplementation may inhibit age-related skin deterioration and maintain skin conditions associated with environmentally induced damage via its anti-inflammatory effect .

Objectives The root of Astragalus membranaceus, regarded as a tonic in traditional Korean medicine, has been prescribed for long periods to treat chronic illness by boosting the immune system. ultraviolet (UV ) irradiation causes damage to skin connective tissue by degrading collagen, which is a major structural component of the extracellular matrix . Such damage is considered to be a cause of the wrinkling observed in premature ageing of the skin. This study has investigated the photo-protective effect of A. membranaceus on UV B radiation-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB ) activity in human dermal fibroblasts .

Methods Hs68 fibroblast cells cultured with various concentrations of A. membranaceus were exposed to UV B (40 mJ/cm²). Activation of NF-κB P65 and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP -1) and type 1 procollagen were measured by Western blotting. Translocation of NF-κB P65 and MMP -1 regulation were also examined by immunocytochemistry.

Key findings Western blotting and immunocytochemistry results showed that A. membranaceus inhibited UV B –induced translocation of NF-κB P65 and MMP -1 expression. The data suggested that A. membranaceus restored type 1 procollagen synthesis by inhibiting NF-κB P65 activity and MMP -1 expression in UV B -exposed human dermal fibroblasts .

Conclusion A. membranaceus is a candidate for use in skin protection from UV B –induced skin inflammation and photoageing .

ageing is the phase of gradual decline of body efficiency and metabolic activities after reaching a maturity stage. Free radicals cause oxidative alterations in collagen, elastin material and changes in membrane characteristics and induce polymerization reactions. Use of topical Antioxidant s can overcome some of these effects and retard actinic ageing . Herbal products are popular due to their minimum risk of side-effects with maximum efficacy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiageing potential of Benincasa hispida fruit extract as not many scientific studies have been carried out to explore its utility as skin renewal enhancer and as an Antioxidant . After removing the outer layer and the seeds, the fruit pulp was dried. The dried fruit pulp was extracted successively with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol by Soxhlation for 2 days. Methanol was recovered under vacuum and a dry extract was obtained (yield 4.2% w/w), which was stored in a desiccator. Suitable topical cream base for effective carriage of fruit extract was developed and its in vitro evaluation for skin renewal activity was tested by application to the stratum corneum of human cadaver skin and by dansyl chloride fluorescence method. The results show that the cream prepared from Benincasa fruit extract may prove as an antiageing preparation and can be used for retarding the symptoms of ageing .

This paper described the extraction/purification of

β

-carotene from recombinant E.coli and evaluation of anti-wrinkle activity of purified

β

-carotene. No significant differences in extraction yields were observed when hexane or isobutyl acetate was used. However, extraction from wet-cell cake resulted in 2-fold higher amount of

β

-carotene than that from dry cells. Disruption of 5 g-wet cells by ultrasonic homogenizer, acetone dehydration , extraction with isobutyl acetate resulted in 36 mg of

β

-carotene corresponding to 61.2% of recovery. The formation and separation of

β

-carotene crystal improved the purity. 633 mg of

β

-carotene crystal with 93% purity was obtained from 223 g/L of wet-cell cake harvested from 2.5-L fed-batch culture broth. The cultures of normal human primary fibroblast were performed to investigate the effect of

β

-carotene on cytotoxicity as MTT assay and anti-wrinkle activity as collagen synthesis assays.

1.7 μ M

β

-carotene was found to be optimal concentration at which 1.4-fold higher amount of collagen was synthesized than that in absence of

β

-carotene. This indicates that highly purified

β

-carotene can be obtained from recombinant E.coli by applying simple method with less toxic solvent and can be used in functional cosmetic s as anti-wrinkle agent .

Betaine is widely distributed in plants, microorganisms, in several types of food and in medical herbs, including Lycium chinense. The administration of 100 mg betaine/kg body weight/day is an effective strategy for preventing ultraviolet irradiation ‑induced skin damage. The present study aimed to determine the preventive effects of betaine on ultraviolet B (UV B ) irradiation ‑induced skin damage in hairless mice. The mice were divided into three groups: Control (n=5), UV B ‑treated vehicle (n=5) and UV B ‑treated betaine (n=5) groups. The level of irradiation was progressively increased between 60 mJ/cm2 per exposure at week 1 (one minimal erythematous dose = 60 mJ/cm2) and 90 mJ/cm2 per exposure at week 7. The formation of wrinkles significantly increased following UV B exposure in the UV B ‑treated vehicle group. However, treatment with betaine suppressed UV B ‑induced wrinkle formation, as determined by the mean length, mean depth, number, epidermal thickness and collagen damage. Furthermore, oral administration of betaine also inhibited the UV B ‑induced expression of mitogen ‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK ), extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK ), and matrix metalloprotein ase‑9 (MMP ‑9). These findings suggested that betaine inhibits UV B ‑induced skin damage by suppressing increased expression of MMP ‑9 through the inhibition of MEK and ERK .

Intermediate-wavelength solar radiation, also known as ultraviolet B (UV B : 290-320 nm) radiation, may cause premature aging and oxidative damage-dependent skin cancer in humans. UV B –induced formation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) －often a consequence of excessive exposure to these rays－could activate matrix metalloprotein ases (MMPs ) such as MMP -1 and MMP -3. These enzymes break down type I collagen in human fibroblasts . In this study, we assessed the Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of ethyl acetate extract of blueberry (EEB). An antioxidant test in blueberries evaluated ROS production using CCD-986sk cells and DPPH assay. In order to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of blueberries, the MMP -1 production and type 1 procollagen synthesis evaluated and the expression of MMP 1, 3 were tested through Western blot and RT- PCR. EEB exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhy-drazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reduced the production of UV B –induced ROS. Also, EEB inhibited UV B –induced processes associated with photoaging and skin cancer, such as reduction in procollagen production and increase in MMP -1 production. More precisely, EEB (50 μg/ml) mark-edly suppressed mRNA and protein levels of MMP -1 and -3. The anti-aging effects are attributable to the Antioxidant activity of EEB. These findings indicate that EEB has a protective effect against UV B –induced aging in human fibroblast cells by regulating the levels of type-1 procollagen, MMP -1, and MMP -3.

Background

photoaging is a severe skin damage that occurs as a result of exposure to external elements, primarily ultraviolet (UV ) irradiation . Chronically, UV -irradiated skin exhibits the signs of sunburn and hyperpigmentation with the destruction of connective tissues. Previously, Boesenbergia pandurata (B. pandurata) and its active compound panduratin A showed antiphotoaging activities in vitro and in vivo.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of B. pandurata intake on skin hydration , gloss , wrinkling , and elasticity.

Methods

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to clinically evaluate the effect of B. pandurata ethanol extract (BPE) containing 8% of panduratin A on human skin hydration , gloss , wrinkling , and elasticity. Ninety-two subjects were randomly assigned to receive tablets containing either BPE or placebo for 12 weeks.

Results

The test group had significantly increased skin hydration and gloss and decreased wrinkling compared to the placebo group at 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in skin elasticity between the two groups; however, the increment rate in the test group was higher than that in the placebo group at 12 weeks. None of the subjects developed adverse symptoms during the study period.

Conclusion

These results suggest that BPE can be used as a nutraceutical or nutricosmetic material for improving human skin hydration , gloss , and wrinkling .

ultraviolet (UV ) light, a main cause of photoaging, leads to collapse of skin structure, resulting in wrinkle formation and dehydration . The present study assessed the Anti-Photo aging and moisturizing effects of Bouea macrophylla extract (BRE). UV B -irradiated hairless mice were orally administered with BME (300 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. BME ameliorated wrinkle formation, skin thickening, and inelasticity. BME upregulated COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A1, and COL7A1 mRNA levels through activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway, thereby recovering the content of collagen reduced by UV B . Further, BME suppressed UV B –induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP )-3 and MMP -13 expression and inhibited MMP -2 and MMP -9 activity by mediating the mitogen –activated protein kinase s (MAPKs)/activator protein -1 (AP-1). BME improved moisture content by stimulating the expression of cornified envelope protein s and filaggrin-processing enzymes. Overall, the results show that BME prevents photoaging and promotes moisturization in UV B -irradiated hairless mice, suggesting its potential as a nutraceutical candidate for Anti-Photo aging and moisturizing effects .

Purpose: This study is to evaluate biological activity of leaf and seed extracts of Brassica juncea L and examine their utility value as cosmetic ingredient s. Methods: Total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and inhibition activities of tyrosinase and elastase were measured to evaluate biological activity of leaf and seed extracts of Brassica juncea L. Czern.(EtOH). In addition, to investigate the Antioxidant effect and enzyme inhibition activities in relation to concentrations, correlation of different concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL of each extract were comparatively analyzed. Results: The highest total polyphenol contents of leaf and seed extracts of Brassica juncea L (50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) were 15.03 and 27.72 mg TAE/g, respectively, while the total flavonoid contents were 58.84 and 126.75 mg QE/g, respectively. The DPPH scavenging effect was confirmed as 65.26% in leaf extracts and 83.17% in seed extracts, while the ABTS radical scavenging effect was confirmed as 47.06% in leaf extracts and 60.57% in seed extracts. As a result of evaluation of biological activity analysis on Antioxidant effect, the activity in seed was higher than the activity in leaf, and a positive correlation was indicated as highest activities were shown in the concentration of 200 mg/mL for both leaf and seed. The highest inhibition activities of tyrosinase were 22.33% and 36.58%, respectively, while the inhibition activities of elastase were 33.45% and 40.21%, respectively. In leaf extracts, the inhibition activities of tyrosinase and elastase increased as the concentration increased, while in seed extract, the inhibition activities of elastase increased as the concentration increased, but the inhibition activities decreased when the concentration of the extract reached above a certain level. Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed leaf and seed extracts of Brassica juncea L. Czern. have excellent Antioxidant effect and inhibition effect on activities of tyrosinase and elastase, and their utility value as cosmetic ingredient s would be high.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of breviscapin against skin photoaging, and provide laboratory data for treatment of photoaging diseases.Methods Healthy Sprague-Dawley rat were divided into six groups randomly and gavaged respectively.They were negative control(GroupA),model(GroupB),model+VitE 30mg/kg(GroupC),model+low-breviscapin 35mg/kg(GroupD),model+medium-Breviscapin 70mg/kg(GroupE),model+high breviscapin 140mg/kg(GroupF).The Sprague-Dawley rat were irradiated to stimulate skin photoageing by ultraviolet irradiation (UV A and UV B ),as well as by visual inspection,and the immunohistochemical expression profiles of NF-κB and PCNA in the skin of rat skin were examined by S-P staining.Results GroupE and GroupF significantly prevented wrinkle formation in part of photoaging -characteristics including skin erythema,desquamating,wrinkling and those photoaging characteristics were lighten by comparing with model group.The expression of NF-κB and PCNA was significantly lower in GroupD,GroupE and GroupF than GroupB.There was little difference of expression of NF-κB ,PCNA between GroupB and GroupD,also between groupE and Group F,but there was no statistical difference(P0.05).Conclusion Significant correlation was found between the high expression of NF-κB ,PCNA and the skin photoaging. We thought that Breviscapine might play the role of Anti-Photo aging by decreasing the expression of the PCNA,inhibiting the proliferation of epidermal cell,and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB ,and then down regulating the composition of mediators of inflammation .

skin aging involves degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in both the epidermal and dermal layers, it leaves visible signs on the surface of skin and the physical properties of the skin are modified. Chrono-logical aging is due to passage of time, whereas premature aging occurred due to some environmental factors on skin produces visible signs such as irregular dryness, dark/light pigmentation, sallowness, severe atrophy, telangiectases, premalignant lesions, laxity, leathery appearance and deep wrinkling . There are several synthetic skincare cosmetic s existing in the market to treat premature aging and the most common adverse reactions of those include allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, phototoxic and photo-allergic reactions. Recent trends in anti-aging research projected the use of natu-ral products derived from ancient era after scientific validation. Ample varieties of phytomolecules such as aloin, ginsenoside, curcumin, epicatechin, asiaticoside, ziyuglycoside I, magnolol, gallic acid, hydrox-ychavicol, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, etc. scavenges free radicals from skin cells, prevent trans-epidermal water loss, include a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher contribute to protect skin from wrinkles, leading to glowing and healthy younger skin. Present era of treating aging skin has become technologically more invasive; but herbal products including botanicals are still relevant and combining them with molecular techniques outlined throughout this review will help to maximize the results and maintain the desired anti-skin aging benefits .

Camphor ((1R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one), a bicyclic monoterpene, is one of the major constituents of essential oils from various herbs such as rosemary, lavender, and sage. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of camphor as a botanical ingredient in cosmetic s . Camphor induced the proliferation of human primary dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner via the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Camphor attenuated the elevation of senescence associated with β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Elastase activity decreased, while the total amount of collagen increased, in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human primary dermal fibroblasts treated with camphor. Camphor induced the expression of collagen IA, collagen IIIA, collagen IVA, and elastin in human primary dermal fibroblasts . In addition, posttreatment with 26 and 52 mM camphor for 2 weeks led to a significant reduction in the expression of MMP 1 but increases in the expression of collagen IA, IIIA, and elastin in mouse skin exposed to UV for 4 weeks. These posttreatments also reduced the depths of the epidermis and subcutaneous fat layer in UV -exposed mouse skin. Taken together, these findings suggest camphor to be a potent wound healing and Antiwrinkle agent with considerable potential for use in cosmeceuticals .

aging is a multifactorial process resulting in several functional and esthetic changes in the skin. Advances in research have yielded a tremendous amount of information on the molecular pathways involved in both intrinsic aging (natural ) and extrin-sic aging (including photoaging ). Some of the characteristic features of aging skin, such as wrinkling , loss of elasticity, and atrophy, can largely be attributed to dermal changes. The amount of collagen in the skin decreases, while the cross linking increases, and the solubility of collagen is reduced. The role of fibroblasts in aging tissue has been most extensively studied in mammalian skin. The total number of fibroblasts decreases, and their metabolism shows characteristic alterations.The dermis is maintained in large part by fibroblasts , which secrete dermal collagens , elastin , and other extracellular matrix components. When the skin is wounded, fibroblasts secrete proteases to degrade the wounded matrix, and then synthesize new matrix. The fibroblasts also secrete growth factors to stimulate the keratinocytes to proliferate and close the wound and cytokines to attract macrophages to engulf and degrade debris. Stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) occurs after many different sublethal stresses including a number of oxidation factors, such as H2O2, hyperoxia, or organic and lipid hydroperoxides. Fibroblast cells in replicative senescence share common features with cells in SIPS: morphology, senescence -associated beta-galactosidase ac-tivity, cell cycle regulation, gene expression and telomere shortening. Most human cells lack sufficient telomerase to maintain telomeres, hence these genetic elements shorten with time and stress, contributing to aging and disease. We systematically examine the evidence supporting the use of dosage forms of non-hydrolized carnosine or carcinine in oral formulations for skin beautification purposes and provide a summary of the biomarkers of intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging , including pho–toaging . senescence phenotype of human diploid fibroblasts is related with the exhaustion of their proliferative potential. This work suggests that different cell types, such as human skin fibroblasts , may use specific cellular treatment strategies with imidazole-containing dipeptides to halt the accelerated senescence of the fibroblast cells in response to telomere attrition and thus prevent skin aging through the number of biologically viable and safe metabolic pathways. The published data demon-strate that telomerase is expressed in the epidermis in situ independent of age. The reason for the sustained telomere length or expression of telomerase activity in the epidermis is associated not only with an increased turnover of keratinocytes, but also occurs due to the fact that the formation of a well structured epidermis strictly depends on a tight balance between pro–liferation and differentiation. oral dosage forms of non-hydrolized carnosine or carcinine induce cellular responses in human skin fibroblasts through the telomere-mediated pathway and redox signaling, supporting the view that carnosine or related imidazole-containing dipeptide based compound-induced hormetic stimulation of cellular Antioxidant defenses can be a use–ful approach toward anti-aging intervention to the skin.

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV ) irradiation induces photoageing through the up-regulation of matrix metalloprotein ases (MMPs ) and subsequent breakdown of extracellular matrices. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation play central roles in UV –induced MMP expression through initiating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK )–mediated AP-1 signalling. We aimed to explore the effects of carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene from rosemary, on UV –induced MMP expression in human skin cells. Molecular mechanism underlying the effects of CA was also examined in the aspect of MMP expression, ERK /AP-1 pathway, ROS generation and EGFR activation. human dermal fibroblast cell line (Hs68), primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were employed, and antiphotoageing effects of CA were assessed by Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme assays. CA significantly inhibited UV A- and UV B –induced expression of MMP -1, MMP -3 and MMP -9 in a concentration-dependent manner in Hs68 cells. UV B –induced ERK activation and the formation of transcription factor, AP-1, were significantly suppressed by CA. Among the upstream events of MMP expression, UV B –induced ROS generation was attenuated by CA, while EGFR activation was not affected. Confirming the antiphotoageing effects of CA through the suppression of UV –induced ROS generation, UV B -enhanced GADD45 expression, a marker for oxidative DNA damages was significantly reduced by CA. Inhibitory effects of CA on UV B –induced MMP expression could be also seen in HDFs and HEKs. Collectively, our study demonstrates that CA inhibits the UV -enhanced MMPs in human skin cells through the inhibition of ROS and the suppression of ERK /AP-1 activation.

The causes of ageing are usually regarded as multifactorial; thus effective regulation might be achieved by intervention at multiple sites. It has been suggested that the endogenous dipeptide carnosine, also avail-able as a food supplement, possesses anti-ageing activity and may achieve its reported age-alleviating effects via a number of mechanisms. Carnosine’s possible anti-ageing mechanisms are therefore dis-cussed; the evidence suggests that inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin and carbonyl scavenging may be involved.

Phytoestrogens derived from plants and foods, which are diphenolic compounds with structural similarities to natural and synthetic estrogens, have been shown to estrogenic and antiestrogenic actions. Particularly, recent study revealed that phenolic compounds in safflower seed, such as serotonin derivatives, lignans and flavonoid s, could be acted as phytoestrogens. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract (SID C.SE), therefore, are receiving a renewed interest as potential therapeutic source against skin wrinkles induced by estrogen deficiency. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-wrinkle effect of SID C.SE on normal human fibroblasts through the expression of type I procollagen and UV A-induced MMP -1 in vitro. The SID C.SE increased the type I procollagen expression, comparable to trans-retinol and reduced UV A-induced MMP -1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. The clinical study indicated that cream group treated with

0.1 %

SID C.SE significantly reduced a skin wrinkles, as compared with a control (non-treated cream group) (p<0.05). These results suggest that the safflower seed extract may be useful as potential source of anti-wrinkle cosmetic s .